How to grow chilli peppers pdf
How to grow chilli peppers pdf. Oct 15, 2021 · The seed itself contains all the energy the plant needs to germinate and sprout its first leaves. Chili pepper plants love the sun and you should provide as much sun as possible. Jul 19, 2023 · Transplanting and Crop Maintenance. 2. Storing: When stored at room temperature, peppers have a shelf life of 1-2 weeks. Once the peppers are a few inches tall, you can thin them out to the best seedlings every 12 inches. Use as recommended on the package. com/ebookIn this video, we're discussing 5 popular methods of growing peppers indoors. Jun 9, 2023 · Keep the soil warm. Commercialising chilli production. Apr 8, 2017 · If you are a fan of chili peppers and lack the sunny outdoor space to grow your own, you should know that pepper plants can be grown indoors. (Bell peppers, called capsicums in Australia, also belong to the species capsicum annuum. Detailed methods for growing healthy peppers. 64 cm) deep. There are different growth media with different physical and chemical characteristics. At temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F), the plant reduces its Key Takeaways. Then, use your finger or the pencil tip to bury the seeds 1⁄4 in (0. To dry chili peppers in an oven, preheat your oven to its lowest temperature setting (usually around 150°F or 65°C). Mar 19, 2024 · Learn how to grow chilli plants from seed, both indoors and outdoors. Many can be bought at your local hardware store, for example. Place the baking sheet in the oven and prop the door open slightly to allow moisture to escape. Now plant 1 or 2 seeds per starter pot. Feb 8, 2014 · Feeding your chili pepper plants can help, especially when growing them indoors. Chilli seeds love hot weather so, grow in a greenhouse or even in a Planting and spacing hot peppers. Availability & large volumes delivered at short notice. Some of the hottest chili peppers are cultivars of C. Preserved peppers, when pickled or stored in oil, can last for many months. Interpretation: This standard applies to fresh chilli peppers with a hot taste exceeding 900 on the Capsicum peppers tend to tolerate shade conditions up to 45% of prevailing solar radiation, although shade may delay flowering. Space the chili pepper plants 14 - 16 inches apart with about 2 -3 feet between rows. Feed your hot peppers with a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer (equal parts N-P-K) every 2 weeks once they’ve germinated. Cutting. They grow at a wide range of altitudes, with rainfall between 600- and 1250-mm. Jan 10, 2024 · Scoville Heat Units: 30,000-50,000. Chilli plants benefit from a balanced fertilizer schedule. Feb 18, 2023 · Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep, placing 2 seeds in each hole to increase the germination rates. These growing techniques each hav Gradually harden off the plants for 10-14 days before planting outside. These plants can grow 5 feet tall. Flavor and Uses: Thanks to the famous sauce, Tabasco peppers may be among the world’s best-known chilies. 5. Nov 22, 2023 · Place 3 or 4 cayenne pepper seeds in each cell. To grow the Fresno Chili Pepper, you will need to apply a liquid fertilizer to the soil. pubescens, comes from the dense covering of hairs on the stems and leaves. This standard applies to chilli peppers2 of varieties (cultivars) grown from Capsicum annuum, C. 1. If you intend to continue growing in a container, choose one that has good drainage and holds at least two gallons. Ensure the soil is moist at all times. There is a huge benefit to greenhouse technology in pepper production, although some combination techniques yield outcomes that are comparable to greenhouse technology. In a seed tray with peat-free potting soil or garden compost, sow seeds ¼ inch (0. Specifically to chili peppers, you can plant your seeds in small containers as you would prepare them for spring, fertilize and keep them moist and keep in a warm windowsill Aug 25, 2023 · Apply well-decomposed manure or compost at 3–10 kg/m2 for 4-6 weeks before planting. Transplanting and crop maintenance plays a pivotal role in the growth and development of chilli plants. They are part of the scientific group called Capsicum frutescens L. 4. Size: Consider the size of the chili pepper plant when fully grown, as this will impact the amount of space needed in the aquaponics system. Learn how to plant, grow, and harvest jalapeño peppers and hot peppers in your garden. Fill a seed tray or some 10cm pots with moist seed compost and flatten down. Gently place a seedling in the empty space and fill around it with the soil. One of the main advantages of hot chillies is that they can be dried and stored for long periods. Chili peppers benefit from a warm and sunny spot. 8 – 6. Start them indoors 8-12 weeks before the last frost. Sep 11, 2022 · In this video I share my tips on growing a huge, monster chilli plant! As impressive as chilli pepper plants are anyway, growing a monster sized chilli plant It grows during the first branching. However, I suspect most people who eat the sauce don’t realize it’s also the name of a Mexican state and the pepper itself. Chile peppers, including jalapeños, are warm-weather vegetables that are fun to grow (and eat) at home. Dec 22, 2020 · The Chiltepin pepper, "chile tepin", or "Chiltepine", is a tiny, round or oval shaped, red to orange-red chile, measuring about . Pepper crop guide: Straight fertilizers. 8 for optimal growth. It grows well in warm and humid climate and a temperature range between 20° C and 25° C. So the climatic requirements are similar. Water the seed tray well, and place on a heated mat. There are plenty of inexpensive pH test kits. Start chili peppers from seeds or transplants. Ranging from mild to mind-blowing, there's a perfect pepper for everyone. Sun Exposure. Our techniques are perfect for in-ground or container pepper plants. Jan 1, 2023 · Get our eBook! https://peppergeek. From understanding the ideal soil quality to navigating the vegetative and reproductive phases of chili plants, our comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know. Sow three seeds to each spot or pot and thin to the two most successful seedlings. Growth rate: Choose chili pepper varieties with a fast growth rate to ensure a steady supply of chili peppers. Germination typically occurs within 7-14 days, depending on the chili variety and growing conditions. 6cm) of seed potting mix. It is a serious problem. Jun 19, 2021 · Food. Place 2 to 3 chili seeds into each cell. Pinch off the top of the plant when it reaches about 12 inches tall. Try to space them evenly. You can also try making your own fertilizer using comfrey leaves. See Brassicas common pests and diseases and their control for chemical options. Gradually harden off the plants for 10-14 days before planting outside. Planting and spacing hot peppers. Planting Time. The plants are possibly growing more fruits, are often growing significantly smaller though. Post-harvest handling. We like to use a pencil tip or similar to press the seeds into the soil. Useful tips and tricks, from seed to harvest. Peppers, especially thin fleshed varieties, can be braided into a decorative ristra, air dried, and then crushed to make pepper flakes, chili powder, or paprika. The ideal location in the vegetable garden would be full sun and have 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day, along with consistent daytime temperatures of 70-80°F. Choose only the strongest plants and try to choose plants uniform in size. To break it down, these fertilizers contain three important elements that feed the plants - Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Pottassium, or N-P-K. Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost date, and transplant outdoors when the soil has warmed and nighttime temperatures stay above 55°F. Chilli seeds love hot weather so, grow in a greenhouse or even in a It covers sowing seeds indoors, using the right fertilizer at the right time, composting, pruning, diagnosing problems and fixing them, and of course, harvesting peppers. Feb 8, 2014 · Be sure to water every other day, keeping the soils slightly moist or as needed according to your plant type. Use cages as needed when plants are at a height that they would lean. 5-6. Test your seeds before nursing them. You can also add compost to the soil before planting to provide nutrients. They commonly start green and change into yellow, orange, purple, or red variations over time. This production summary provides an overview of bell and chile pepper growing, harvesting, and post harvesting practices. Cover the grow pack with plastic wrap. Peppers come from very warm climates, and the heat significantly helps initiate germination. These materials will slowly release nutrients into the soil. Jun 1, 2022 · Gardeners can water a little everyday, leaving the soil moist and the plant never getting a proper drenching, which can lead to plant disease, stress and stunted growth. Sow a few seeds on top and cover with a fine sprinkling of vermiculite or compost. The genus Capsicum (sweet and hot pepper) harbors an i ncredible intra and inter-specific diversity in. pubescens, to be supplied fresh to the consumer, chilli peppers for industrial processing being excluded. Choose your variety of chili pepper. May 13, 2022 · Time to turn up the heat! 🌶 Do you yearn for the burn? If so, you'll love Ben's hot tips for how to grow the spiciest chilis possible. 5. Growing Chili Peppers Indoors. fruit type, color, shape, taste, and biochem ical content. In addition to providing you with their delicious fruit, Since hot chili peppers (chilli pepper, chile pepper, chilli, or chile) are highly productive Mexico native plants, they are perfect for growing in the garden. Its 6 days ago · In short, the aji charapita comes in around 50,000 SHUs on the Scoville Scale. Arrange the chili peppers in a single layer on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Jul 13, 2020 · In about 2 hours after posting this picture of one of my green chili pepper plants on Facebook, I got 500+ reactions and 80+ comments. baccatum, C. Feb 26, 2024 · Step Details; 1: Choose a variety of chili pepper seeds suited for your climate: 2: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost date: 3: Plant seeds 1/4 inch deep in seed starting mix and keep warm Days to Harvest. Apr 6, 2023 · Dig holes 30 inches apart in an area where you’ve loosened up the soil and worked in lots of well-rotted compost. Space rows 24 to 36 inches (61-91 cm) apart. Jul 24, 2021 · For germinating chili seeds, the ideal temperature is between 27°C and 32°C. Feb 8, 2014 · Spacing. Peppers need loose, rich soil. Mar 30, 2023 · Oven Drying. If the pH is too low; you can spread some lime on the soil. Keep moist and warm. Bell peppers are a warm-weather crop and a popular nightshade for both eating Jun 12, 2023 · Plant the seeds or seedlings about 18-24 inches apart in rows or clusters. Place in a propagator at a temperature of 18-25C (64-77F). You can grow chili peppers on a warm and bright windowsill. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 Apr 23, 2018 · First soak the seeds in a 50/50 mixture of water and hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes to kill any bacteria. Jan 4, 2023 · Step 2: Purchase good specie of pepper seed or seedling. Generally, a growing range of 70 to 80 degrees during the day and in the 70s at night is considered ideal. Fertilize the soil and give the plants plenty of sunlight. Chilli is generally grown from seed, as plants grow quite true to form. Reasons to buy. Irrigation. During the seedling stage, it's essential to maintain proper temperature, watering, and light levels to ensure healthy growth. 0 to 6. Apr 3, 2023 · Learn how to start chilli farming in Zambia with this step-by-step guide, from choosing the right chilli variety to post-harvest handling techniques for a profitable harvest. These practices will ensure optimal plant growth and maximize your yields. Space plants 18-24 inches apart in rows 24-36 inches apart. Origins: Mexico. Pruning. Put in a single seed at a ½-inch depth in the soil. Cover the seeds with soil and lightly water them, using a spray bottle or other method, but avoid flooding the seeds. Apr 11, 2013 · Accepted 4 April, 2013. Chili peppers need very specific soils, so consider doing a soil test. Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before last spring frost date. Consider heat level and plant size. Jan 15, 2018 · Chillies are from the same family as tomatoes, and green peppers. 5-8. Jun 19, 2020 · The soil inside the pots needs to be mixed with fertilizer and compost before you put the seeds in. In chilli pepper production, a seed rate of about 150g seed is required for 1 ha at a density of 30,000 plants/ha. They wanted to know the pruning techniques I used to make the pepper plants so bushy and full. Another factor that leads to blossom drop and failure to set fruit is a lack of water at bloom time. During the dry season, pepper is usually planted in furrows at a distance of 30 cm between hills. A heat mat will speed up germination. frutescens and C. Remove every side branch on your chili pepper cuttings, and cut off all peppers, flowers, and buds. This will normally be late July in warm climates to mid September. Each plant will bear about 40 chilies that first are green and slowly turn orange, and that's when they are ripe. 8. Jan 5, 2023 · Step 1: Invest in farmland and begin preparing it for use. Use 12-0-0 at planting, 10-10-10 during vegetative growth, 8-16-16 during flowering/fruiting, and 0-0-24 post-harvest. Many of the most-common chili peppers are cultivars of Capsicum annuum, including the cayenne, jalapeño, serrano, and Thai chili Jun 1, 2023 · Use a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Grow your own chillies at home with this complete planting guide. Start Habanero plants indoors 6 to 10 weeks before the last frost date, ensuring adequate light and temperature control. Chili peppers grow best in acidic soil environments with an optimal pH between 6. They need temperatures from 18 °C to 26 °C (64 °F to 79 °F) and plenty of sunlight (6-8 hours a day) to thrive. Keep them under grow lights or in a very bright sunny window. Soilless-grown pepper. They cannot tolerate frost and begin to have problems when daytime temperatures remain below 18 ° C (64 °F). 120 to 220 days depending on the season and variety. Miracle Gro or a similiar plant food or fertilizer is recommended for feeding the plants. Learn how to grow your own chillies with our helpful video Mar 6, 2024 · Adjusting Fertilizer Ratios for Fruit Production. Aji charapita comes in around 50,000 SHUs on the Scoville Scal Apr 2, 2023 · 1. Crunchy, sweet bell pepper plants lack capsaicin, the active component in hot peppers that gives them their heat. How to plant pepper seed. Transplant during cloudy days or late in the afternoon to avoid wilting. chinense, C. 6cm) deep. Huge market demand for African bird’s eye (ABE) chillies represents an incredible opportunity for small-scale chilli farmers. May 8, 2024 · Step 6: Consider Climate Requirement. Severe flooding or drought is injurious to most cultivars. Pepper Production Guide 7 faster recovery. Chillies are surprisingly easy to grow, and there's a chilli pepper to suit everybody's tastebuds. First, you'll need to Aug 24, 2023 · Push seeds about 1/8-1/4″ into mix. 3. An agro store selling high-quality agricultural products will help you find the right variety of pepper to use in your pepper production. Learn how to grow chili peppers of all types in your own home garden. Jul 19, 2020 · The pH of the soil should be 5. The plants will eventually grow to nearly 3 feet high under proper conditions. We use a heated propagation mat and a thermometer to keep conditions consistent. When growing peppers from seed, it is okay if you do not have the opportunity to create such temperatures for your seedlings. Harvest duration. Once you’re done plating, just give the seeds a larger amount of water, proceeding with Feb 19, 2022 · If you want to maximize production, plant your seedlings on well-drained, non-acidic fertile soils with a pH of 6. See my Growing Chili Peppers Guide to help you get started. Like a little spice in your food? Then you need to be growing chili peppers. Sow hot pepper seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep, 18 to 24 inches (45-61 cm) apart depending upon the variety. May 24, 2024 · Plant each seedling into a 4-inch (10 cm) pot full of well-draining soil. 6. Plant pepper in ridges or raised 4 days ago · Add more soil. Cover with 1/4 inch (0. Now it is time to sow your pepper seeds! Add 1-2 seeds in each seed cell, pressing it about 1/8-1/4″ (~1/2cm) deep. Bell peppers are a warm-weather crop and a popular nightshade for both eating raw and cooking. The cage will help support the plant when it gets heave from the growing peppers. Cut below a node, which is where the roots will grow from. 5). Collect and dry seeds from last season's chillies. While your chili peppers are producing fruit, feed them with a fertilizer that’s rich in potassium (K) to encourage growth. Moisten the soil. Place it on a sunny windowsill or on the top of the refrigerator to germinate. 8 cm in diameter. Sep 24, 2023 · The Hawaiian Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum), native to Hawaii, is a popular and distinctive chili pepper variety known for its fiery heat and unique flavor profile. Fill it with a water-retentive potting mix. We will cover topics such as spacing, transplanting methods, nutrient application, weed management, and pruning techniques. Pepper can grow under a high temperature, though it prefers a temperature level of 20 Celsius to 35 Celsius. During germination, the soil temperature should be at 80-90°F during the day and around 70-75°F at night. 5 – 6. Oct 5, 2023 · Sow seeds ¼ inch below the soil at least 6 inches apart. 30 to 60 days. Nov 20, 2022 · How to grow chilli peppers from sowing seeds to harvest, in small containers without a garden. Nov 8, 2023 · Want to learn how to grow chili? This article will give yours accurate information about hot pepper farming. Sowing refers to scattering the seeds onto the soil. Dec 12, 2019 · PDF | These authors contributed equally to this work. Chilies thrive in areas receiving rainfall approximately 500-1500mm per year. There are different opinions when it comes to the question whether a Chili or Peperoni plant should be cut. Photo: Farm Africa / Jjumba Martin. Overhead, Pivot, Micro-jet and Drip systems are all suitable methods. The medium heat level paired with a smaller size is what makes the aji charapita so appealing. Soak chilli seeds overnight in warm water before planting OR gently sandwich between damp kitchen roll, place in a plastic bag and leave in the airing cupboard for a couple of days to improve germination. Testing the chili soil mix can be done with a pH testing kit. chinense, including the habanero, the Carolina reaper, and Sep 24, 2022 · They need heat to germinate and can take some care at the beginning, but once established, will take care of themselves. Soil Requirements Peppers grow best when they are planted in soils with good drainage, average fertility and an abundance of organic matter. It has grown in the wild throughout much of Northern Mexico and Southern United States for generations, and there is much folklore and history involving the plant in the US/Mexico Borderland areas. This is a hot pepper (175,000 SHU). 3a. When it comes to farming, it’s essential to consider the type and species of seed you intend to use. I like to take several cuttings, because not every cutting will successfully grow roots. High quality of chilli pepper produced and GLOBALGAP certified. In partnership with the North East Chilli Producers Association (NECPA), this project will Feb 24, 2024 · Step Details; 1. Mar 7, 2024 · Seed starting tray: Use a seed starting tray with individual cells filled with seeding mix. There are some common practices that many large commercial growers use when producing peppers, and though there are variations in these practices, having an understanding of the most common methods used will be helpful when carrying out regulatory activities. Pepper can do well in the Rain Forest, Guinea Savannah, Sudan Savannah, Sahel Savannah, Plateau Area and Mangrove belts of Nigeria. Sow 1-2 seeds per cell at a shallow depth. Dwarf varieties can be spaced 30cm (1ft) apart. Sow 2-3 seeds per cell and let them germinate for 14 days. Plant in early spring after danger of frost in cold areas, and September–March in South Florida. So General Descriptions: The disease is characterized by white fungal growth on the lower leaf surface leading to defoliation, hence fruits are sun burned. Importing Ghanaian chili pepper will give you several great certainties and advantages, such as: Companies conduct annual review of all process related activities to confirm GLOBALGAP and traceability. Except for tasting excellent, they are amazing thanks to their color-changing properties. . Don’t plant too deep or the seedlings may have trouble surfacing. Oct 18, 2017 · The best soil for growing chili peppers has a moderate to slightly moderate pH (5. Chili peppers are native to the Americas and are cultivated in warm climates around the world. Readers asked me how I was growing and fertilizing this chili pepper plant to make it amazingly fruitful. Find tips for watering, fertilizing, and common problems to look out for. Next, warm the soil with cloches for a couple of weeks before planting. Adjust ratios based on soil tests, chili variety, and growth stages. Jun 7, 2021 · How to Grow Bell Peppers: 7 Tips for Growing Bell Peppers. Water the soil lightly and make a well in the center with your finger. About five to six weeks after sowing of the chilli seeds the seedlings can be transplanted out when they are between 15 and 20 cm in size. For the best chilli plant care you have to water deeply, regularly and when the soil has dried out to the first two inches of your finger. Lack Of Drainage. The following are general fertilization recommendations for all soilless growth media. The good thing about chili is that it can grow in a wide range of soil, provided you manage the soil conditions. This problem normally occurs late in the season and results in reduced photosynthetic activity with a consequent yield loss. Take your scissors and select an appropriate branch to cut. How to grow chillies from seeds. Fertilizer stock solution: Once dissolved, not all fertilizers are inter-compatible with each other. Includes information on growing chili peppers from seed, in the ground, indoors, as well as harvesting and winter gardening for chili peppers. Prune cascabel pepper plants to promote bushier growth and a higher yield. The fruit, the chilli peppers, vary wildly in size and shape. The first step is to buy or lease farmland if you don’t already own farmland, in order to save money. After the removal of the blossom, the plant grows bushier and grows a multitude of branching. Start your seeds off indoors - they need plenty of warmth to germinate. Peppers are tropical plants and certainly love the heat. These temperatures can be achieved in a temperature-controlled greenhouse or using a seedling heat mat to warm the seedlings. May 16, 2024 · chili pepper, any of several species and cultivars of very hot, pungent peppers in the nightshade family ( Solanaceae ). Space chilli plants 38–45cm (15–18in) apart, depending on the variety. Water your plants deeply once or twice a week, depending on the weather and soil conditions. Adding just 1-2 peppers at the end of a meal adds noticeable heat and plenty of Mar 31, 2023 · Once seeds have been soaked, they can be planted in a suitable pot or grow bag, filled with the ideal soil. Capsicum peppers grow best on well-drained loamy soils at pH 5. Best temperature for seed germination is 70–85°F. Plant the seeds about 1cm (½ inch) deep and cover with soil. The fruit is about 1 inch in diameter, round or bell-shaped, and red when ripe. ) Chillis have small to medium sized, shiny, dark green leaves. Keep them moist, and they will germinate in 10-25 days. The seeds are brown or black, unlike other Capsicum species, which have cream-colored seeds. It has one million SHU (Scoville heat units) on the Scoville Scale, a measurement of the spicy heat of a chili pepper according to its capsaicin content. May 15, 2024 · Are you ready to spice up your agricultural endeavors? Look no further than our ultimate guide to chili farming! Whether you’re a seasoned farmer or just starting, chili farming offers a rewarding business opportunity. Paper towel method: Dampen a paper towel and sprinkle seeds on surface. Feb 14, 2024 · Growing & Care: Peppers require full sun and well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6. For those who like their peppers hot: Bhut Jolokia, sometimes called the ghost pepper, is considered the hottest pepper. Choose well-drained soil for starting Habanero chilli seeds and ensure a pH between 6 and 6. Many of the most-common chili peppers are cultivars of Capsicum annuum, including the cayenne, jalapeño, serrano, and Thai chili peppers. Feb 5, 2024 · Where to plant chili peppers. 2 and 6. This guide covers planting chilli seeds, caring for seedlings, transplanting, and maintaining your chilli plants until harvesting. This is on par with the popular cayenne pepper, but is well below the heat of a habanero. May 16, 2024 · Chili peppers are native to the Americas and are cultivated in warm climates around the world. To keep the soil moist and warm you should cover the pots with a plastic film when the seeds are planted. Chilies grow best in moderate to warm climatic zones with optimal temperatures between 60 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Fertilizer is a must for peppers, but manure and compost are better choices. Then cover young plants with cloches to provide wind protection, preferably until the end of June. Water regularly: Fresno pepper plants need consistent moisture to grow and produce fruit. Chilies require water on a daily basis, so make sure that you don’t forget to keep the soil moist. Fill a 4-inch (10 cm) pot with drainage holes with a well-draining potting mix. Chilli peppers are green to start with. So you can see they are very closely related. This hot pepper’s species name, C. If seedlings are raised in trays or potlets, transplant the seedlings together with the soil media. Now, soak seeds in our Seed Germination Accelerator for a minimum of 12 hours and maximum of 24 hours. Soil Requirements. The chilli is actually a plant of tropical and subtropical region. Farm Africa is spicing up Uganda’s chilli sector. Aug 19, 2021 · Chili peppers require about the same growing conditions as bell peppers in Florida, with a fairly long, warm growing season for best production. Most of them ripen to a rich red, but they can also be orange, yellow, purple or brown. Planting can however be done till the end of Feb 15, 2017 · Sow the tender plants about one-fourth inch deep in full sun; aji amarillo does best in a neutral soil but can tolerate weak alkaline soil. The common pepper or green pepper is from the family Capsicum Annuum L. Then rinse seeds and place evenly spaced on a damp paper towel. These compact, bushy plants typically reach heights of 2 to 3 feet and feature small, elongated, and wrinkled fruits that start off green and mature to a bright red or yellow color. Seeds are most suitable if test results show 95-100% germination as the most suitable. Keep the tray in a warm position and keep the seed mix moist. Give the plants moderate water throughout the growing season. Low moisture into the soil cause the bud, deblossom and fruit drops, during blossom development and fruit formation. Use a humidity dome to help hold in moisture, and spray with water as needed to keep the soil moist. Dampen the soil when needed over the next 1 to 6 weeks. In very early spring, spread the seeds across tray of seed-raising mix and cover lightly with mix. Fertilizer. You can trim off the tip as well. vw sr pm fh nu rn xg ap ou rb